Mexican archaeologists have confirmed, using non-invasive techniques, the discovery of a cave and a series of tunnels beneath a pyramid at Teotihuacan. This city is one of the largest pre-Hispanic cities founded in central Mexico. An ancient city in the Valley of Mexico, built by an unknown civilization thousands of years ago, hides many secrets. The ancient city of Teotihuacan is a true wonder of ancient engineering and one of the most famous pyramid cities built in Mesoamerica.
The birthplace of the gods
Home to three large pyramids-temples, Teotihuacan’s name comes from the Nahuatl and can be translated to “birthplace of the gods” or “the place where gods were born.” Archaeologists have recently confirmed a discovery at Teotihuacan between 2017 and 2018: a cavity of 15 meters in diameter and one or more tunnels under its foundations, about eight meters deep. The result of his research has been published in the Journal of Archaeological Science.
The pyramids of Teotihuacan
The Pyramid of the Moon stands 43 meters high and is the second largest in Teotihuacan, after that of the Sun, which was built to a height of 65 meters. This spectacular structure is thought to have been built on seven consecutive layers of pyramids between AD 100 and 450. Although its exact purpose eludes experts, researchers believe that its original builders used the pyramid and its surroundings for ceremonial and religious purposes.
A vacuum with a large cavity
The Pyramid of the Moon is also located in one of the most important spaces in Teotihuacan. It stands on the city’s main axis: the Calzada de Los Muertos, or avenue of the dead, one of the most characteristic parts of Teotihuacan. The massive avenue connects the most prominent structures of the city. Experts from INAH (National Institute of Anthropology and History of Mexico), in collaboration with the Institute of Geophysics of UNAM (National Autonomous University of Mexico), used non-invasive geophysical techniques (ANT and ERT) that allowed them to identify a corresponding vacuum with a large cavity under the building, as well as access tunnels.
The pattern of tunnels in Teotihuacan
These studies confirm that the ancient inhabitants of Teotihuacan reproduced the same pattern of tunnels, whose purpose was to emulate the underworld, in all its great monuments, such as the Pyramids of the Sun and the temple of Quetzalcoatl or the Feathered Serpent, where researchers have already discovered caves and tunnels in the past. Although the purpose of the pyramids continues to elude experts, so does the exact purpose of the subterranean tunnels.
A subterranean world
Researchers believe that the ancient civilization used the subterranean world for religious ceremonies related to the afterlife, fertility, and creation. However, unlike the artificial caves under the Pyramid of the Sun, researchers believe that the cave under the Pyramid of the Moon formed naturally, became a focal point for the area’s early residents, and even influenced the initial planning of the city. “The historical impact of this discovery opens the discussion about the symbolic meaning of this pyramid and the origins of Teotihuacán’s urban planning,” the study authors conclude.
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