“This was not an object used for daily life. Its positioning deep within the cave suggests it was revered, possibly as a totem or spiritual symbol...”
Archaeologists in Galilee, Israel, have unearthed remarkable evidence of early human spirituality, revealing a 35,000-year-old object that appears to symbolize a “turtle god.” Discovered deep within Manot Cave, this engraved rock was strategically placed in a secluded part of the cavern, far from the living areas near the entrance. Researchers believe it served as a focal point for ritualistic gatherings and possibly represented a totem or spiritual figure.
The Manot Cave, first discovered in 2008, has been a treasure trove of prehistoric artifacts, shedding light on the lives of Upper Paleolithic Aurignacian communities. Excavations over the past decade have unearthed a unique engraved rock resembling a turtle shell, deliberately placed in a carved niche. According to Omry Barzilai, Head of the Material Culture PaleoLab at the University of Haifa, the object’s remote location and careful placement strongly indicate its significance in communal rituals.
“This was not an object used for daily life,” Barzilai explained. “Its positioning deep within the cave suggests it was revered, possibly as a totem or spiritual symbol.”
Evidence of wood ash on stalactites hints at torch-lit ceremonies, while the cave’s natural acoustics could have amplified chants or other sounds during rituals. These findings suggest the cavern served as a sacred space for communal gatherings rather than a living area.
Collaboration Across Disciplines Uncovers Layers of History
The ongoing Manot Cave excavations have brought together experts from diverse fields. Among them, dental students from Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) have played an unexpected yet crucial role. Their expertise in identifying ancient teeth and distinguishing bone from rock proved invaluable at the site.
“Dental students are uniquely equipped for this kind of work,” said Mark Hans, chair of orthodontics at CWRU. “Teeth are among the best-preserved parts of ancient skeletons, and our students’ skills in human facial growth and development are directly applicable to anthropology.”
This cross-disciplinary effort began in 2012 when CWRU’s Institute for the Science of Origins received a decade-long funding commitment from the dental school. The initiative aimed to foster collaboration and provide dental students with opportunities to work alongside archaeologists, anthropologists, and other scientists.
A Glimpse Into Ancient Spirituality
The engraved rock is believed to be the oldest known ritual object in Asia, offering a rare glimpse into the spiritual life of early humans. Researchers note that such symbolic artifacts played a key role in fostering social cohesion and expanding networks within prehistoric communities.
“This discovery highlights the vibrancy of Paleolithic life,” the research team wrote. “The engraved boulder is a testament to the sophisticated social mechanisms of early humans.”
The collaborative nature of this excavation has been one of its most rewarding aspects, according to Hans. “Working alongside experts in mammals, uranium dating, and hearth analysis taught us so much. It’s a reminder of how much we can achieve when we share our knowledge.”
