I do not understand at all why the historical significance of Peru is often overlooked when compared to other cradles of civilization such as Egypt or the Mesopotamian region as a whole. Therefore, have selected 5 significant archaeological sites in Peru that you may or may not have heard of, omitting the obvious most popular places like Machu Picchu.
1. Chavin de Huantar
Chavin de Huantar is an ancient complex of older and newer temple buildings dating back to 1200 – 500 BC. In the center of the complex, there is a large central square, deepened in relation to the ground level. The entire territory of the settlement is covered by a well-thought-out system of canals from an engineering point of view, which served as a drainage system.
If you follow the staircase that begins at the square, you will reach the remains of the ancient castle, and beneath it, is a maze of tunnels and chambers that are nowadays considered an architectural wonder.
2. Caral
Caral was the 5000-year old capital of the ancient civilization of Norte Chico. The Caral complex consists of a central public area with six large pyramidal structures located around a huge square. The largest of the pyramids is 18 meters high, and its base is as many as four football fields. From the top of the great pyramid, the rulers of Caral could see the whole city.
A wide staircase leads to a number of small rooms, including an altar. There is a small opening in the floor of the altar where, according to scholars, sacrifices were made. The public architectural facilities have stairs, rooms, courtyards, the city has an amphitheater and three squares.
At the top of the pyramids were rooms for the elite. It is estimated that the population of Caral was about 3,000 people. Researchers believe that the model of the city was subsequently used by many civilizations.
3. Kuelap
Because of the strategic location of the structure and because of the massive stone walls (in places up to 20 meters high and with an average thickness of 80 centimeters), Kuelap is often called a fortress, assuming that the place had a military function.
Perhaps it was intended to protect the Chachapoyas from hostile neighbors. But the walls enclose an area of almost 65,000 square kilometers. Between them were found not only military buildings but also religious, public, and residential buildings. It is also estimated that up to 300,000 people lived there at their peak, which could not be just warriors – there were probably shamans, merchants, farmers. Therefore, it may be more correct to call Kuelap not a fortress but a city.
4. Pisac
This archaeological site in Peru is located just outside Cusco. It is one of the most significant cities in the Sacred Valley of the Incas. It spreads on the hills around the modern village of Pisac and represents an interesting combination of different cultural layers from the moment of the city’s transition from a military fortress to a religious center.
5. Choquequirao
